**Documenting Film History: Major Milestones That Shaped Cinema**
Film history is a rich tapestry woven from countless moments, each contributing to the evolution of cinema. From the early days of filmmaking to the present, several milestones have significantly shaped the industry. Let’s explore some of these major milestones that have documented film history.
### Early Days of Filmmaking
The earliest days of filmmaking were marked by experimentation and innovation. One of the first documentary-style films was made in Russia during the Bolshevik ascent to power in 1917-18. These films were used as propaganda, showcasing the new government’s control and influence.
Another significant early film is “Nanook of the North” (1922) by Robert Flaherty. This documentary recorded Eskimo life based on personal observation, setting a precedent for many documentary films to come.
### The Rise of Documentary Films
The 1920s and 1930s saw a surge in documentary filmmaking, particularly in Britain. John Grierson, a Scottish educator, played a crucial role in this movement. He coined the term “documentary” from the French word “documentaire” and led the British documentary film movement.
Grierson’s films, such as “Drifters” (1929) and “Night Mail” (1936), described everyday life and significant events, influencing world film production. In the United States, Pare Lorentz directed films like “The Plow That Broke the Plains” (1936) and “The River” (1937), focusing on issues like the dust bowl and flood control.
### World War II and Propaganda
During World War II, filmmaking took on a new role. The Nazi government used the nationalized film industry to produce propaganda documentaries, while the U.S. Army Signal Corps produced the “Why We Fight” series (1942-45) under the direction of Frank Capra. Great Britain also released films like “London Can Take It” (1940) and “Desert Victory” (1943).
### Post-War Developments
In the early 1950s, the British free cinema movement emerged, focusing on the individual’s everyday experience. This movement was led by a group of young filmmakers who sought to capture real-life stories in a more authentic way.
Television also played a significant role in popularizing documentaries. The late 1960s and early 1970s saw a surge in documentary programming, with films like those produced by the National Film Board of Canada contributing to educational content.
### Archiving and Preserving Film History
To document and preserve film history, archives and collections have been established. The American Film Institute’s catalog covers films from 1893 to the present, while the British Film Institute’s catalog, Film Index International, covers 1900 through the present.
These archives collect, restore, and conserve audiovisual content like films, documentaries, television programs, and newsreel footage. They also house collections that are publicly cataloged or listed, making it easier for researchers to locate specific films and documents.
### Conclusion
Documenting film history is a continuous process that involves preserving and showcasing the milestones that have shaped cinema. From early experimental films to the rise of documentary filmmaking and the impact of world events, each milestone has contributed to the rich narrative of film history. By understanding these milestones, we can appreciate the evolution of cinema and its enduring influence on society.
